Spider-Man did have those negative feelings in the early comics, of course ... But let's not forget that a lot of it was self-loathing because of, again, the guilt of Uncle Ben's death. It's a constant struggle for Spider-Man, which is a dynamic about the character that I do love. He's still LIKABLE and RELATABLE though, because he always tries to do the right thing, even if he messes up. That makes him human, but still a good person. I didn't get that with Andrew Garfield as Spider-Man at all. He started off as a jerk in the movie, and the movie ended with him being a jerk too (but that's a whole other topic).
I did get that likable and relatable vibe from Andrew. Even in the comics before Peter became spider-man, he had a lot of ill-feeling towards his persecutors but it was only when after he became spider-man those feelings got stronger and made him all the more conflicted because for the first time in his life he actually had the power to do something about it but for obvious reasons he couldn't.
As for Peter starting out being a jerk in this movie, really? The first time we see Peter in high school, he's being bullied by Flash and having a ball thrown at his head for no reason. Then we see Peter come to the defense of some kid being terrorized by Flash and Peter pays the price for doing so. I don't see how that makes him a jerk. By the end of the movie, Peter and Flash's relationship has changed to some degree and isn't as it once was at the start of the movie. You have me at a loss with that particular viewpoint.
And again, I will say that I got no vibe that Peter felt responsible for Ben's death in this movie, and that bothers me greatly. Captain Stacy's words shouldn't have been the impact on Spidey trying to shape himself, it should have been Uncle Ben's words.
Peter imo did feel responsible, The film just didn't need to spoon feed it to the audience. Peter's inconsiderate attitude was the cause of it all. Had Ben not showed up to Peter's school after the b-ball incident, Ben wouldn't have needed to have Peter pick up aunt May. Now, seeing as Peter failed to follow instruction to pick up aunt may and had been ignoring Ben's calls, they wouldn't have had the argument which forced Peter to leave and for Ben to follow after him.
As a kid, as a teenager, it's a time in one's life where some degree of domestic rebellion is at it's highest. Peter's not going to listen to Ben, not within the state of mind that he's in. Peter is conflicted, he's being bullied at school, the whole business with his parents, the only and new found lead he has to finding more about his parents in the form of Connors. Peter isn't thinking clearly and that's understandable and the movie clearly conveys this.
With Peter seeking revenge on those fitting the description of Ben's killer, he's none the wiser. He doesn't think he's doing anything wrong. As stated at the dinner, he honestly believes he's doing a public service but George conveys the bigger picture of the ramifications of spider-man's actions and how he's only serving himself. It's at this point where clarity sets in. Peter isn't in the thick of his vengeful lust, he's having a nice family dinner at his g/f's house and he's paying attention in part because he is the subject matter and when trying to defend himself, he comes to the realization that Captain stacey is somewhat right.